Monday 19 August 2013

Ultrasonic Distance Sensor – Features & Operation

Ultrasonic sensors are commonly used for a wide variety of non-contact presence, nearness or distance measuring applications. These gadgets regularly transmit a short burst of ultrasonic sound to a target, which reflects the sound back to the sensor. The system then measures the time for the echo to return to the sensor and computes the distance to the target using the speed of sound within the medium.


Different sorts of transducers are utilized within industrially accessible ultrasonic cleaning devices. An ultrasonic transducer is affixed to a stainless steel pan which is filled with a solvent and a square wave is applied to it, conferring vibration energy of the liquid.



The ultrasonic distance sensors measure distance using sonar; an ultrasonic (well above human hearing) beat is transmitted from the unit and distance-to-target is determined by measuring the time required for the echo return. Output from the ultrasonic sensor is a variable-width beat that is compared to the distance to the target.
Features of Ultrasonic Distance Sensor:
Supply voltage: 5V (DC).
Supply current: 15mA.
Modulation frequency: 40Hz.
Output: 0 – 5V (Output high when obstacle detected in the range).
Beam Angle: Max 15 degrees.
Distance: 2cm – 400cm.
Accuracy: 0.3cm.
Communication: Positive TTL pulse.

Ultrasonic sensor provides a very low-cost and easy method of distance measurement.
Operation of Ultrasonic distance Sensor:


Ultrasonic sensor module comprises of one transmitter and one receiver. The transmitter can deliver 40 KHz ultrasonic sound while the maximum receiver is designed to accept only 40 KHz sound waves. The receiver ultrasonic sensor that is kept next to the transmitter shall thus be able to receive reflected 40 KHz, once the module faces any obstacle in front. Thus whenever any obstacles come ahead of the ultrasonic module it calculates the time taken for sending the signals to receiving them since time and distance are related for sound waves passing through the air medium at 343.2m/Sec. Upon receiving the signal MC program while executed displays the data i.e. The distance measured on an LCD interfaced to the microcontroller in cms.



Characteristically, robotics applications are very popular but you’ll also find this product to be useful in security systems or as an infrared replacement if so desired. You will definitely appreciate the activity status LED and the economic use of just one I/O pin.

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