How to make hot ice..

All you need are two common kitchen ingredients to make hot ice - a non-toxic chemical that crystallizes when you touch it into a material that looks like ice except it gives off heat. See how to make hot ice and get ideas for fun hot ice activities.

You Will Need :

• White Vinegar
• Backing Soda

Process :

          Mix one liter of vinegar with 4 tablespoons of baking soda. These chemicals react to form nontoxic sodium acetate or hot ice in water. You need to boil off most of the water, so heat the solution until it is boiling and keep applying low heat until you see a crystal skin start to form on the surface of the liquid. Remove the hot ice solution from heat, pour it into a new container and refrigerate the solution until it is chilled.

          When the hot ice has cooled, you can get it to instantly crystallize simply by touching it. You can try crystallizing the hot ice as you pour it, too. Either way, the solution will give off heat as it crystallizes.

          You can re-dissolve and reheat the hot ice to play with it again or you can throw it away when you are finished. 

          I hope you've enjoyed making hot ice.

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How to make a Small Wind Powered Generator at home ?

In this i will show you how to make a wind generator that produces electricity! I will only walk you through making the generator but it is up to you to figure out what you want to do with the electricity it produces! i havent gotten that far yet but i am planning on making a charge circuit so follow me if you want to see the outcome of that in the near future :) ok lets get started. first off id like to say that The amount of electricty it generates depends on what kind of steper motor you used.

Types :

• Horizontal Wings
• Vertical Wings

Horizontal Wings :

You Will Need :

• Soldering Iron
• Wire Strippers
• Empty Bottles (2 liter)
• Bottle Caps
• Magic Joining Gum
• Super Glue
• Thin Light Pieces of Metal
• Stepper Motor

Process :

In this part you will be making the wind catchers, its the part that catches the wind and turns the motor. first cut the tops off 8 pop bottles like so. I cut where the lable ended and i later painted them red (that part is optional). once you have 8 all cut off move on to the next step.

I like to call this part the coupler because to connects two pop bottle tops, alls you do is simple use magic joining gum to combine pop bottle caps together. combine two caps back by back like this, in the end you will have four pop bottle couplers. for added security i wrapped electrical tape around each set.

This step is fairly easy all you do is make an X shape using two pieces of thin light metal (about a foot and a half long  and one inch wide) then after that part is done you secure the couplers at the end using epoxy. I havent figured out what to call this piece so for now the "fan part" will have to do. let the epoxy harden then move on. 

This step is very easy, alls you do is screw the pop bottle tops into the couplers. 

After the "fan part" is completed you have to attach the stepper motor to it. what i did was i combined the two using magic joining gum and secured the edges with hot glue. 

After the stepper motor is attached you have to make a stand for it. the way you make your stand is based on how your motor works, i had to make mine in a weird way due to the way the motor works but the stand is fairly easy, i used a piece of wood (close to a 2x4) and a rectangle piece of wood as the base. after the stand is done you have to attach the fan part with the motor to the stand, to do that you simply use epoxy to combine the two. as i said my motor is weird so i had to add a piece of wood and drill a hole through it and let the motor rest through there and i used epoxy to secure it. after all that is done and all the magic joining gum has set go out on a windy day and test the output with a multimeter, I would recommend testing your motor before you start this just to get an idea of how much power it outputs. 

This is as far as i will take you, it is up to you to figure out what you want to power with the electricity. I will be making a circuit for it real soon so if you would like to see that just follow me other than that the wind generator is complete! :) please vote for me if you liked this project i would really appreciate it :) also i will be adding small solar powered motors to help spin the generator but again that will happen in the near future so subscribe to see that add on aswell. please if you have any questions or comments just post them or message me.

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Why Smokers Gain Weight When They Quit Smoking.

Most smokers put on a couple of kilos when they quit smoking. This is not due to an increased calorie intake, but to a change in the composition of the intestinal flora after quitting smoking,

When smokers wave goodbye to their cigarettes, eighty per cent of them put on seven kilos on average. Their weight increases even if their calorie intake remains the same or even falls compared to the level before quitting smoking. What is the reason for this weight gain?
Researchers working with Gerhard Rogler of Zurich University Hospital attribute the cause to a changed composition of the bacterial diversity in the intestine. As they recently showed in a study in PLoS One, the bacterial strains that also prevail in the intestinal flora of obese persons take the upper hand in people giving up smoking.
Comparison of stool samples.
Rogler and his colleagues of the Swiss IBD cohort study examined the genetic material of intestinal bacteria found in the faeces and studied stool samples which they had received from twenty different persons over a period of nine weeks -- four samples per person. The test persons included five non-smokers, five smokers and ten persons who had quit smoking one week after the start of the study.
While the bacterial diversity in the faeces of smokers and non-smokers changed only little over time, giving up smoking resulted in the biggest shift in the composition of the microbial inhabitants of the intestines. The Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes fractions increased at the expense of representatives of the Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla. At the same time, the test subjects who had quit smoking gained an average of 2.2 kilos in weight although their eating and drinking habits remained the same (with the exception that, towards the end of the study, they drank on average a little more alcohol than before quitting smoking).
More efficient utilisation.
Their results reflected those seen in previous studies conducted with mice, says Rogler. When other scientists transplanted the faeces of obese mice into the intestines of normal-weight mice some years ago, they saw that both the fractions of the Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in the gut flora as well as the weight of the mice treated increased. The new gut flora apparently used the energy contained in the nutrition more efficiently.
Rogler and his colleagues assume that the same effect also manifests itself in their test subjects. The composition of the diverse bacteria in the intestinal flora, which changes after giving up smoking, probably provides the body with more energy, resulting in new non-smokers gaining weight.
Swiss IBD cohort study.
With the aim of gaining a better understanding of inflammatory bow-el diseases or IBD, specialist hospitals, private practice physicians and university institutions have come together to pool their knowledge. They are collecting the medical data of now nearly 2,000 affected persons who are participating in this long-term study.

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Scientists Discover Compound to Prevent Noise-Related Hearing Loss..

Your mother was right when she warned you that loud music could damage your hearing, but now scientists have discovered exactly what gets damaged and how.

Noise-induced hearing loss, with accompanying tinnitus and sound hypersensitivity is a common condition which leads to communication problems and social isolation," said Xiaorui Shi, M.D., Ph.D., study author from the Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery at the Oregon Hearing Research Center at Oregon Health and Science University in Portland, Oregon. "The goal of our study is to understand the molecular mechanisms well enough to mitigate damage from exposure to loud sound."
To make this discovery, Shi and colleagues used three groups of 6 -- 8 week old mice, which consisted of a control group, a group exposed to broadband noise at 120 decibels for three hours a day for two days, and a third group given single-dose injections of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) prior to noise exposure. PEDF is a protein found in vertebrates that is currently being researched for the treatment of diseases like heart disease and cancer. The cells that secrete PEDF in control animals showed a characteristic branched morphology, with the cells arranging in a self-avoidance pattern which provided good coverage of the capillary wall. The morphology of the same cells in the animals exposed to wide-band noise, however, showed clear differences -- noise exposure caused changes in melanocytes located in the inner ear.
"Hearing loss over time robs people of their quality of life," said Gerald Weissmann, M.D., Editor-in-Chief of The FASEB Journal. "It's easy to say that we should avoid loud noises, but in reality, this is not always possible. Front-line soldiers or first responders do not have time to worry about the long-term effects of loud noise when they are giving their all. If, however, a drug could be developed to minimize the negative effects of loud noises, it would benefit one and all."

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Nova Delphini 2013 Confirmed

A new star explosion, called a nova, has flared up in the night sky, and it is fairly easy to spot with binoculars — and potentially even the naked eye — by stargazers with clear weather and dark skies. You can even see the new nova online tonight in a skywatching webcast.
Called Nova Dephinus 2013, the new nova (Latin for "new star") was discovered Wednesday (Aug. 14) by amateur astronomer Koichi Itagaki of Yamagata, Japan, at 2 p.m. EDT (1800 GMT) in the constellation Delphinus, the Dolphin. Itagaki used a CCD camera attached to a 7-inch reflecting telescope. A nova is a powerful eruption from star, but is not as strong as a supernova, which is a catastrophic explosion that signals the death of a star.

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Earth Life Likely Came from Mars..

• We may all be Martians..
  

Evidence is building that Earth life originated on Mars and was brought to this planet aboard a meteorite, said biochemist Steven Benner of The Westheimer Institute for Science and Technology in Florida.
An oxidized form of the element molybdenum, which may have been crucial to the origin of life, was likely available on the Red Planet's surface long ago, but unavailable on Earth, said Benner, who presented his findings today (Aug. 28; Aug. 29 local time) at the annual Goldschmidt geochemistry conference in Florence, Italy. [The Search for Life on Mars (Photo Timeline)]

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How to make a Projector at Home

Just in time for March Madness! Here's how to convert your Laptop, Smartphone, or Tablet into a makeshift projector. It's really cheap, and can add a bit of creative fun to your next sports party!





You Will Need :



Cardboard
Duct-Tape
Full-page Fresnel Lens
Process :
Ideally, we want a hole in the front of the box about 1/2" smaller than the lens. I used the actual lens as a template to trace around the edges, then drew another rectangle 1/2" inside the first. It's this inner rectangle that we'll be cutting out, and it should leave a 1/2" ledge for us to tape the lens onto. You can also use something like a credit card or hotel key to trace a rectangle in the center. When it's all cut out, you should have a left-over piece as seen in the picture, and you may want to hang onto that. Now you can use some tape to secure the lens on the inside of the box.

NOTE: The grooved part of the lens should be facing inside the box, and the flat smooth side should be facing outward.



















When the lens is set, you can close up the box to give it stability. Your Tablet or Smartphone will go inside and project outward through the lens. I gave mine a quick paint job to make it a little nicer, and made a projection screen with a piece of 0.02" Hi-Impact Styrene I got from a sign supply company for just over $2.00. It's 4 feet wide and the black duct-tape made a nice border trim on the plastic sheet. I had just enough tape left over to put it up on the wall and rig up a make-shift home theater. When using a laptop, this configuration will be too small. I found that a hole could be cut on the back of a different box, and the laptop turned upside down and slid into place. This is by far the quickest and easiest set-up, and the laptop gives the best results because the screen is the biggest and brightest!














The image that gets projected on the screen will be flipped horizontal, and upside down. You can make it right-side-up by turning your tablet, smartphone or laptop upside down in the projector. If you're using a tablet like an iPad, you'll also need to go into the settings menu and make sure to lock the rotation of the screen so that it's sideways. Otherwise when you turn it over, the image won't stay upside down. Whatever device you're using, you'll also need to bring the brightness up to maximum to get the most light. If your phone doesn't have an option to lock the screen, you may need to download an app. To hold the device in the projector, you'll probably want to find something sturdy like a couple of text books, or a sturdy box. I used a box of tomato paste that was about the size of an iPad. Using a couple of rubber bands to secure the device in an "upside-down" position, it's now ready to go in the projector and play your movie!
NOTE: The image should be right-side-up, but it will still be flipped horizontally. This means that any words or numbers on the screen will still be backward.



















I found that using a Laptop works the best, because the screen is larger to begin with, and it can be turned up fairly brightly. This is good because as the image is made bigger, the intensity of the light on the screen is lessened. An image of 50" is very watchable on a Laptop, as well as a Tablet about the size of an iPad. Of course, the closer your bring the projector to the screen, the smaller the image will be, but the brighter and more focused it will become. I found that if you cover all your windows and close any doors to make sure the room is completely dark, this will help the image appear crisper and brighter. Because the Fresnel lens is made flat, there are some optical disadvantages that appear in the image. For example, the edges of the screen may be a little blurry while the center is in focus. To address this problem, a shroud can be added to the lens with a rectangular hole in the center about the size of a credit card. This will choke down the aperture, and dramatically improve the focus. The trade off is that there will be less light emitted from the projector, so the image on the screen will be dimmed.

A Smartphone works the same way, but the screen size can't go much over 20" or the image is unwatchable. 15" worked great, and 20" was ok.

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Privacy visor glasses jam facial recognition systems to protect your privacy

This is the world's first pair of glasses which prevent facial recognition by cameras. They are currently under development by Japan's National Institute of Informatics.

Photos taken without people's knowledge can violate privacy. For example, photos may be posted online, along with metadata including the time and location. But by wearing this device, you can stop your privacy from being infringed in such ways.

"You can try wearing sunglasses. But sunglasses alone can't prevent face detection. Because face detection uses features like the eyes and nose, it's hard to prevent just by concealing your eyes. This is the privacy visor I have developed, which uses 11 near-infrared LEDs. I'm switching it on now. It prevents face detection, like this."

"Light from these near-infrared LEDs can't be seen by the human eye, but when it passes through a camera's imaging device, it appears bright. The LEDs are installed in these locations because, a feature of face detection is, the eyes and part of the nose appear dark, while another part of the nose appears bright. So, by placing light sources mostly near dark parts of the face, we've succeeded in canceling face detection characteristics, making face detection fail."

Compared with previous ways of physically hiding the face, this technology can protect privacy without obstructing communication, as all users need to do is wear a pair of glasses.

However, because this system utilizes the difference in spectral sensitivity between human vision and imaging devices, another method is needed for cameras that aren't affected by infrared light.

"In that regard, what we're thinking of is a visor that doesn't use electricity, but uses reflective material. For example, one like this. This makes light from outside look white, or absorbs it. That pattern breaks up the features used in face detection. So you can prevent face detection even without using electricity, by wearing this visor. It is also very cheap to make."

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World's lightest and thinnest circuits pave the way for 'imperceptible electronics

Researchers from Asia and Europe have developed the world's lightest and thinnest organic circuits, which in the future could be used in a range of healthcare applications.

Lighter than a feather, these ultrathin films-like organic transistor integrated circuits are being developed by a research group led by Professor Takao Someya and Associate Professor Tsuyoshi Sekitani of the University of Tokyo, who run an Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO) program sponsored by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), in collaboration with Siegfried Bauer's group at the Johannes Kepler University (JKU) Linz, Austria.

The circuits are extremely lightweight, flexible, durable and thin, and conform to any surface. They are just 2 microns thick, just 1/5 that of kitchen wrap, and weighing only 3g/m^2, are 30 times lighter than office paper. They also feature a bend radius of 5 microns, meaning they can be scrunched up into a ball, without breaking. Due to these properties the researchers have dubbed them "imperceptible electronics", which can be placed on any surface and even worn without restricting the users movement.

The integrated circuits are manufactured on rolls of one micron thick plastic film, making them easily scalable and cheap to produce. And if the circuit is placed on a rubber surface it becomes stretchable, able to withstand up to 233% tensile strain, while retaining full functionality.

"This is a very convenient way of making electronics stretchable because you can fabricate high performance devices in a flat state and then just transfer them over to a stretchable substrate and create something that is very compliant and stretchable just by a simple pick and place process."

This prototype device is a touch sensor featuring a 12x12 array of sensors on a 4.8 cm x 4.8 cm circuit. It is made up of two layers, an integrated circuit layer and a tactile sensor layer.

With the development of these plastic electronics, the possibility for flexible, thin, large area electronics has been realized. In the future, the group would like to expand the capabilities of these circuits.

"The new flexible touch sensor is the world's thinnest, lightest and people cannot feel the existence of this device. I believe this development will open up a wide range of new applications, from health monitoring systems, wearable medical instruments, and even robotic skins in the future."

The results of this research were published in the July 25, 2013 issue of the journal Nature.

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HOW TO MAKE YOUR PHOTOS BEAUTYFUL

Hi friends!
I am telling you the method to clean and clear your photos
This is a plugin for Photoshop

How to install plugin in Photoshop
Full procedure:
1 Close Adobe Photoshop and Go to C:Program Files\Adobe\Photoshop/Plunins

2 copies your plugin and paste it in the above mention folder

3 now run your photoshop and your plugin is in the filters
Now download given plugin and install it and apply to your photos

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MAJOR ADVANCE IN GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM WASTEWATER

Engineers at Oregon State University have made a breakthrough in the performance of microbial fuel cells that can produce electricity directly from wastewater, opening the door to a future in which waste treatment plants not only will power themselves, but will sell excess electricity.




The new technology developed at OSU uses new concepts — reduced anode-cathode spacing, evolved microbes and new separator materials — and can produce more than two kilowatts per cubic meter of liquid reactor volume — 10 to 50 more times the electrical per unit volume than most other approaches using microbial fuel cells, and 100 times more electricity than some.

This technology cleans sewage by a very different approach than the aerobic bacteria used in the past. Bacteria oxidize the organic matter and, in the process, produce electrons that run from the anode to the cathode within the fuel cell, creating an electrical current.

Almost any type of organic waste material can be used to produce electricity — not only wastewater, but also grass straw, animal waste, and byproducts from such operations as the wine, beer or dairy industries.

The researchers say this could eventually change the way that wastewater is treated all over the world, replacing the widely used “activated sludge” process that has been in use for almost a century. The new approach would produce significant amounts of electricity while effectively cleaning the wastewater, they suggest.

“If this technology works on a commercial scale, the way we believe it will, the treatment of wastewater could be a huge energy producer, not a huge energy cost,” said Hong Liu, an associate professor in the OSU Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering. “This could have an impact around the world, save a great deal of money, provide better water treatment and promote energy sustainability.”
Experts estimate that about 3 percent of the electrical energy consumed in the United States and other developed countries is used to treat wastewater, and a majority of that electricity is produced by fossil fuels.

The system also works better than an alternative approach to creating electricity from wastewater that is based on anaerobic digestion that produces methane. It treats the wastewater more effectively, and doesn’t have any of the environmental drawbacks of that technology, such as production of unwanted hydrogen sulfide or possible release of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, the researchers believe.

The OSU system has now been proven at a substantial scale in the laboratory, Liu said, and the next step would be a pilot study. A good candidate, she said, might initially be a food processing plant, which is a contained system that produces a steady supply of certain types of wastewater that would provide significant amounts of electricity.

Once advances are made to reduce high initial costs, researchers estimate that the capital construction costs of this new technology should be comparable to that of the activated sludge systems now in widespread use today — and even less expensive when future sales of excess electricity are factored in.

The approach may also have special value in developing nations, where access to electricity is limited and sewage treatment at remote sites is difficult or impossible as a result.

The ability of microbes to produce electricity has been known for decades, but only recently have technological advances made their production of electricity high enough to be of commercial use. OSU researchers reported several years ago on the promise of this technology, but at that time the systems in use produced far less electrical power. Continued research should also find even more optimal use of necessary microbes, reduced material costs and improved function of the technology at commercial scales, OSU scientists said.

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Security Researcher Hacks Mark Zuckerberg’s Wall To Prove His Exploit Works

Earlier this week, security researcher Khalil Shreateh discovered a Facebook bug that allowed a hacker to post on anyone’s wall — even if they weren’t that person’s friend.

While he was able to prove to Facebook that his bug was legit (despite an initial response that it wasn’t a bug at all), Facebook wasn’t too happy with the way he did it: by using the bug to post on Zuckerberg’s otherwise friends-only wall.

Security research can be a pretty tough balancing act. If you don’t follow a company’s responsible reporting terms to a T, you might be robbing yourself of your fair share of recognition and, if the company is one of many that gives bug bounties, a chunk of cash. Alas, exploiting your way onto Zuck’s timeline… doesn’t exactly comply with Facebook’s reporting rules.

In his initial report of the bug, Khalil demonstrated that he was able to post on anyone’s wall by submitting a link to a post he’d made on the wall of Sarah Goodin (a college friend of Zuck’s, and the first woman on Facebook.)

Unfortunately, the member of the Facebook Security team who clicked the link wasn’t friends with Goodin, whose wall was set to be visible to friends only. As a result, they couldn’t see Khalil’s post. (While Facebook Security can almost certainly over-ride privacy settings to see anything posted on the site, they didn’t seem to do that here)

“I don’t see anything when I click the link except an error”, responded Facebook’s Security team.

Khalil submitted the bug with the same link again, explaining that anyone investigating the link would need to either be Goodin’s friend or would need to “use [their] own authority” to view the private post.

“I am sorry this is not a bug”, replied the same member of the Security team, seemingly failing to grasp what was going on.

Khalil responded by taking his demonstration to the next level; if posting on one of Mark Zuckerberg’s friend’s walls didn’t get his point across, perhaps posting on Zuck’s own wall would?

On Thursday afternoon, Khalil posted a note into Zuckerberg’s timeline. “Sorry for breaking your privacy [to post] to your wall,” it read, “i [had] no other choice to make after all the reports I sent to Facebook team”.



Within minutes, Facebook engineers were reaching out to Khalil. He’d made his point.

Through Facebook’s whitehat exploit disclosure program, security researchers are paid at least $500 for each critical bug they report responsibly. $500 is just the minimum — the size of the bounty increases with the severity of the bug, with no set maximum.

Alas, there would be no bug bounty for Khalil. Amongst other terms, Facebook’s bug disclosure policy requires researchers to use test accounts for their investigations and reports, rather than the accounts of other Facebook users. By posting to Goodin and Zuck’s walls, he’d broken those rules pretty much right out of the gate. His reports also didn’t include enough detail of how to reproduce the bug, says Facebook:


Unfortunately your report to our Whitehat system did not have enough technical information for us to take action on it. We cannot respond to reports which do not contain enough detail to allow us to reproduce an issue. When you submit reports in the future, we ask you to please include enough detail to repeat your actions.

We are unfortunately not able to pay you for this vulnerability because your actions violated our Terms of Service. We do hope, however, that you continue to work with us to find vulnerabilities in the site.

Since Khalil’s initial post went up on Friday, there’s been a healthy debate as to whether or not Facebook should be paying him a bounty. On one hand, he broke their disclosure rules (perhaps unknowingly — as many have pointed out, Facebook’s disclosure terms are only available in English, which doesn’t seem to be Khalil’s first language); on the other, he was seemingly trying to report it responsibly rather than selling it to spammers.

Even Facebook’s own engineers have entered the discussion. On Hacker News, Facebook Security Engineer Matt Jones laid things out as he saw them:


For background, as a few other commenters have pointed out, we get hundreds of reports every day. Many of our best reports come from people whose English isn’t great – though this can be challenging, it’s something we work with just fine and we have paid out over $1 million to hundreds of reporters. However, many of the reports we get are nonsense or misguided, and even those (if you enter a password then view-source, you can access the password! When you submit a password, it’s sent in the clear over HTTPS!) provide some modicum of reproduction instructions. We should have pushed back asking for more details here.

However, the more important issue here is with how the bug was demonstrated using the accounts of real people without their permission. Exploiting bugs to impact real users is not acceptable behavior for a white hat. We allow researchers to create test accounts here: https://www.facebook.com/whitehat/accounts/ to help facilitate responsible research and testing. In this case, the researcher used the bug he discovered to post on the timelines of multiple users without their consent.

What say you? Should Facebook bend the rules and shell out? Would breaking the rules set a dangerous precedent?

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Ultrasonic Distance Sensor – Features & Operation

Ultrasonic sensors are commonly used for a wide variety of non-contact presence, nearness or distance measuring applications. These gadgets regularly transmit a short burst of ultrasonic sound to a target, which reflects the sound back to the sensor. The system then measures the time for the echo to return to the sensor and computes the distance to the target using the speed of sound within the medium.


Different sorts of transducers are utilized within industrially accessible ultrasonic cleaning devices. An ultrasonic transducer is affixed to a stainless steel pan which is filled with a solvent and a square wave is applied to it, conferring vibration energy of the liquid.



The ultrasonic distance sensors measure distance using sonar; an ultrasonic (well above human hearing) beat is transmitted from the unit and distance-to-target is determined by measuring the time required for the echo return. Output from the ultrasonic sensor is a variable-width beat that is compared to the distance to the target.
Features of Ultrasonic Distance Sensor:
Supply voltage: 5V (DC).
Supply current: 15mA.
Modulation frequency: 40Hz.
Output: 0 – 5V (Output high when obstacle detected in the range).
Beam Angle: Max 15 degrees.
Distance: 2cm – 400cm.
Accuracy: 0.3cm.
Communication: Positive TTL pulse.

Ultrasonic sensor provides a very low-cost and easy method of distance measurement.
Operation of Ultrasonic distance Sensor:

Ultrasonic sensor module comprises of one transmitter and one receiver. The transmitter can deliver 40 KHz ultrasonic sound while the maximum receiver is designed to accept only 40 KHz sound waves. The receiver ultrasonic sensor that is kept next to the transmitter shall thus be able to receive reflected 40 KHz, once the module faces any obstacle in front. Thus whenever any obstacles come ahead of the ultrasonic module it calculates the time taken for sending the signals to receiving them since time and distance are related for sound waves passing through the air medium at 343.2m/Sec. Upon receiving the signal MC program while executed displays the data i.e. The distance measured on an LCD interfaced to the microcontroller in cms.



Characteristically, robotics applications are very popular but you’ll also find this product to be useful in security systems or as an infrared replacement if so desired. You will definitely appreciate the activity status LED and the economic use of just one I/O pin.

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FDA Finally Admits Chicken Meat Contains Cancer-Causing Arsenic

After years of sweeping the issue under the rug and hoping no one would notice, the FDA has now finally admitted that chicken meat sold in the USA contains arsenic, a cancer-causing toxic chemical that's fatal in high doses. But the real story is where this arsenic comes from: It's added to the chicken feed on purpose!

Even worse, the FDA says its own research shows that the arsenic added to the chicken feed ends up in the chicken meat where it is consumed by humans. So for the last sixty years, American consumers who eat conventional chicken have been swallowing arsenic, a known cancer-causing chemical. (http://www.phillyburbs.com/news/...)

Until this new study, both the poultry industry and the FDA denied that arsenic fed to chickensended up in their meat. The fairy-tale excuse story we've all been fed for sixty years is that “the arsenic is excreted in the chicken feces.” There's no scientific basis for making such a claim… it's just what the poultry industry wanted everybody to believe.

But now the evidence is so undeniable that the manufacturer of the chicken feed product known as Roxarsone has decided to pull the product off the shelves (http://www.grist.org/food-safety/20…). And what's the name of this manufacturer that has been putting arsenic in the chicken feed for all these years? Pfizer, of course — the very same company that makes vaccines containing chemical adjuvants that are injected into children.

Technically, the company making the Roxarsone chicken feed is a subsidiary of Pfizer, called Alpharma LLC.Even though Alpharma now has agreed to pull this toxic feed chemical off the shelves in the United States, it says it won't necessarily remove it from feed products in other countries unless it is forced by regulators to do so. As reported by AP:

“Scott Brown of Pfizer Animal Health's Veterinary Medicine Research and Development division said the company also sells the ingredient in about a dozen other countries. He said Pfizer is reaching out to regulatory authorities in those countries and will decide whether to sell it on an individual basis.”(http://www.usatoday.com/money/indus…)

But even as its arsenic-containing product is pulled off the shelves, the FDA continues its campaign of denial, claiming arsenic in chickens is at such a low level that it's still safe to eat. This is even as the FDA says arsenic is a carcinogen, meaning it increases the risk of cancer.

The National Chicken Councilagrees with the FDA. In a statement issued in response to the news that Roxarsone would be pulled from feed store shelves, it stated, “Chicken is safe to eat” even while admitting arsenic was used in many flocks grown and sold as chicken meat in the United States.

What's astonishing about all this is that the FDA tells consumers it's safe to eat cancer-causing arsenic but it's dangerous to drink elderberry juice! The FDA recently conducted an armed raid in an elderberry juice manufacturer, accusing it of the “crime” of selling “unapproved drugs.” (http://www.naturalnews.com/032…) Which drugs would those be? The elderberry juice, explains the FDA. You see, the elderberry juice magically becomes a “drugs” if you tell people how it can help support good health.

The FDA has also gone after dozens of other companies for selling natural herbal products or nutritional products that enhance and support health. Plus, it's waging a war on raw milk which it says is dangerous. So now in America, we have a food and drug regulatory agency that says it's okay to eat arsenic, but dangerous to drink elderberry juice or raw milk.

Eat more poison, in other words, but don't consume any healing foods. That's the FDA, killing off Americans one meal at a time while protecting the profits of the very companies that are poisoning us with their deadly ingredients.

Oh, by the way, here's another sweet little disturbing fact you probably didn't know about hamburgers and conventional beef: Chicken litter containing arsenic is fed to cows in factory beef operations. So the arsenic that's pooped out by the chickens gets consumed and concentrated in the tissues of cows, which is then ground into hamburger to be consumed by the clueless masses who don't even know they're eating second-hand chicken crap.

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Molecular Machine Created in Manchester

Many scientists take some natural structure as example and try to recreate it mechanically and eventually apply it to industrial manufacturing, medicine, transportation and our every-day-life at all. David Leigh, a professor in the School of Chemistry at the University of Manchester, is one of these scientists, but the special thing here is that he ran his project on a molecular-scale level. Following the mechanism of protein synthesis in each eukaryotic cell, Professor Leigh and his team successfully created nano-scaled machine that uses molecules as building blocks in order to build larger molecules. The device has total length of just a few nanometers, so you can’t see it with “unarmed” eye. The research was published in “Science”.

“The development of this machine which uses molecules to make molecules in a synthetic process is similar to the robotic assembly line in car plants. Such machines could ultimately lead to the process of making molecules becoming much more efficient and cost effective.” Professor Leigh explained.”This will benefit all sorts of manufacturing areas as many man-made products begin at a molecular level. For example, we’re currently modifying our machine to make drugs such as penicillin.”

Normally, the information for protein synthesis is stored inside the DNA molecules. To start the process of building the encoded protein molecule, the information inside DNA is copied on RNA molecule, which serves as a transporter. The RNA molecule is then transferred to the ribosome, where the protein synthesis starts based on the information delivered by RNA.

The molecular machine uses exactly the ribosome as an example. The core is a molecular track with building blocks located along that track. A nano-ring moves along the axis and picks up those blocks, arranging and bonding them into specific order to build the required molecule.

At first the ring is guided by copper ions. The ring moves along the axis until it reach a bulky group. After that a “reactive arm” starts operations as it detaches the bulk from the track and forwards it to different site on the machine. This regenerates the active site on the arm which allows the ring to move along the axis until it reaches the next building block. The next block is transferred to the same site where the previous block was added, thus elongating the new structure and creating bigger, polymer molecule. When all building blocks are removed from the track, the ring is detached and the building stops.

“The ribosome can put together 20 building blocks a second until up to 150 are linked. So far we have only used our machine to link together 4 blocks and it takes 12 hours to connect each block. But you can massively parallel the assembly process: We are already using a million million million (1018) of these machines working in parallel in the laboratory to build molecules.” David Leigh stated. “The next step is to start using the machine to make sophisticated molecules with more building blocks. The potential is for it to be able to make molecules that have never been seen before. They’re not made in nature and can’t be made synthetically because of the processes currently used. This is a very exciting possibility for the future

- See more at: http://interestingengineering.com/molecular-factory-created-in-manchester/#sthash.u11w3tYL.dpuf

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Chinese Scientists Grow New Teeth From Human Urine

Over the years scientists have made false teeth from a variety of materials – from cuspids crafted out of animal bone to chompers made from wood and gold. However a group of Chinese scientists just announced that they have successfully grown “rudimentary teeth” from an extremely unlikely and slightly unsettling source: human pee. According to the research, published in Cell Regeneration Journal, the tiny tooth-like structures were grown from stem cells harvested from urine.



While the scientists believe it could herald a new, albeit disturbing, age for false teeth, stem cell researchers believe they could have several hurdles to overcome. The Chinese research team, which is based at the Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health used urine as it contains cells that are normally passed out of the body – but in the laboratory they can be come stem cells.

These cells were then mixed with organic material to form teeth. However according to BBC News, the “teeth” were not as hard as natural teeth. Unsurprisingly, the experiment has received a large amount of backlash.

Prof Chris Mason, a stem cell scientist at University College London, said to BBC News that urine was a poor starting point and “was probably one of the worst sources [for stem cells]. There are very few cells in the first place and the efficiency of turning them into stem cells is very low. You just wouldn’t do it in this way.”

Prof Mason added: “The big challenge here is the teeth have got a pulp with nerve and blood vessels which have to make sure they integrate to get permanent teeth.”

Yes, there’s that and the fact that many people probably wouldn’t be too keen on urine-based teeth. They’re funny like that.

- See more at: http://awescience.com/2013/08/01/chinese-scientists-grow-new-teeth-from-human-urine/#sthash.eFUw2slR.dpuf

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Head Transplant Now Possible Says NeuroScientist

If this doesn’t make you cringe nothing will. A head transplant from one body to another? Really?

Well, Italian Neuroscientist Dr. Sergio Canavero says this just might be a possibility. He is the head (ha ha) of the Anastomosis Venture with Cord Fusion who published a research in the June issue of “Surgical Neurology International”. In it the doc spells out a unique method to separate a person’s head from a host body and replace it with the donor head. The paper describes in detail all the techniques and methods, which actually were carried out in the 70’s on animals – the poor things. The only problem is the attachment of the head’s spine to a donor’s body. OK, that’s actually kind of a big problem. But maybe it’s for the best that this medical innovation never actually materializes.





[Source]

- See more at: http://awescience.com/2013/08/10/head-transplant-now-possible-says-neuroscientist/#sthash.Os9VElZB.dpuf

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Salting Nanotech

The future of nanotech development on a large scale may have been uncovered by a team of researchers at Oregon State University. And that future is found inside a salt shaker.

By way of the simple process of melting and absorbing heat (above 800 degrees C) at a critical moment during what is known as a “magnesiothermic reaction,” salt’s sodium chloride (mixed with magnesium and diatomaceous earth) prevents the collapse of created nanostructures. Then, the molten salt is washed away by dissolving it in water. Thus, it can be recycled for future use.



Credit: Oregon State University

David Xiulei Ji, an assistant professor of chemistry in the OSU College of Science who developed the method, tells us that “this could be what it takes to open up an important new industry. There are methods now to create silicon nanostructures, but they are very costly and can only produce tiny amounts. The use of salt as a heat scavenger in this process should allow the production of high-quality silicon nanostructures in large quantities at low cost. If we can get the cost low enough many new applications may emerge.”

Sometimes, the simplest solutions are the most profound. And, they are often the ones that work.- See more at: http://interestingengineering.com/salting-nanotech/#sthash.KrbQqN8L.dpuf

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